Nihilism is a family of philosophical views.
Existential nihilism asserts that life is inherently
meaningless and lacks a higher purpose, suggesting
that all individual and societal achievements are
ultimately pointless. Moral nihilism denies the
objective existence of morality, arguing that moral
evaluations and practices rest on misguided
assumptions without any foundation in external
reality. Epistemological forms of nihilism
challenge objective knowledge and truth. Some
versions argue that these phenomena are relative to
the perspectives of individuals or cultural
contexts, while others deny their existence
altogether. Cosmological nihilism is the view that
reality is unintelligible and indifferent to human
understanding. Metaphysical nihilism holds that
there is no fundamental reason for why something
exists rather than nothing. Nihilism is also
described as a broad cultural phenomenon or
historical movement that pervades modernity in the
Western world.