Prince
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  • Reference Guide

Contents

  • 1. Getting Started
    • Installing Prince
      • Installing Prince on Windows
      • Installing Prince on MacOS X
      • Installing Prince on Linux
        • Debian and Ubuntu
        • Redhat and CentOS
        • OpenSUSE
        • FreeBSD, Solaris and Generic Linux
      • Installing a license file
    • Your First Document
      • The lab report
      • Processing the document
      • Styling the document
    • If Something Didn't Work
      • Missing fonts
      • Fontconfig
      • Image formats
      • Shared library trouble
      • PATH issues
  • 2. Formatting
    • CSS Box Model
    • Tables
      • Running table headers and footers
      • Numbering table rows
      • Automatic table layout
      • Fixed table layout
      • Separated table borders
      • Collapsing table borders
      • Cells that span columns
      • Cells that span rows
    • Lists
      • List marker position
      • List marker type
      • List marker style
    • Images
      • Images in XHTML
      • Images in DocBook
      • Images in arbitrary XML
    • Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
      • Viewbox and viewport
      • Rectangles
      • Circles
      • Ellipses
      • Lines
      • Polylines
      • Polygons
      • Paths
      • Text
      • Images
      • Links
      • Transformations
      • Style Properties
  • 3. Paged Media
    • Styling pages
      • Page size
      • Page style
      • Page headers and footers
      • Generated content in headers and footers
      • Footnotes
    • Some @page selectors
      • The :first, :Nth, :left and :right page selectors
      • Named pages
    • Controlling pagination
      • Page breaks
      • Widows and orphans
    • Advanced paged media examples
      • The :blank page selector
      • Page groups
      • Page breaks and decoration
      • Printing wide content sideways
  • 4. Prince Input
    • Applying Style Sheets
      • Importing Style Sheets
      • Conflicting Declarations
      • Priority Determination
    • XML Input
      • XML Input
        • Validation
        • xml:lang
        • xml:id
        • xml:base
      • XML Styling
      • XML Inclusions (XInclude)
        • Including XML files
        • Including text files
        • Fallback
    • Using JavaScript with Prince
      • Logging
      • Console access
      • Event handling
      • Document statistics
      • PDF properties
      • Unsupported DOM properties
  • 5. Prince Output
    • PDF Output Options
      • PDF Compression
      • Font Embedding
      • Creating PostScript output
    • PDF Bookmarks
      • Bookmark levels
      • Bookmark labels
      • Bookmark targets
    • PDF Metadata
    • PDF Profiles
  • 6. Server Integration
    • Using Prince from Java
    • Using Prince from .NET with C#
    • Using Prince from .NET with VB.NET
    • Using Prince from Python
    • Using Prince from Perl
    • Using Prince from PHP
    • Using Prince from ASP
    • Using Prince from ColdFusion
      • Using Java
      • Using ActiveX/COM
    • Using Prince from ActiveX / COM / Visual Basic
  • 7. Prince Tips and Tricks
    • Generated Content
      • Page headers and footers
      • List markers
      • Footnote markers
      • Before and After pseudo-elements
      • Counters and Numbering
        • Counter reset and increment
        • Nested counters
        • Counter styles
      • Cross-references
        • Using target-counter
        • Using target-content
      • Script Functions
        • Accessing the current date and time
        • User-defined counter styles
      • Using generated content in margin boxes
      • Copying text content from the document
      • Taking elements from the document
    • Imaging and color
      • Color (RGB, CMYK, spot colors)
        • RGB
        • RGBA
        • CMYK
        • Spot colors
  • 8. Fonts
    • Generic font families
    • Redefining the generic font families

Reference Guide

  • A1. Command-line Reference
    • Examples
    • Specifying input and output
    • Options
      • General Options
      • Logging Options
      • Input Options
      • Network Options
      • JavaScript Options
      • CSS Options
      • PDF Output Options
      • PDF Metadata Options
      • PDF Encryption Options
      • Utility Options
  • A2. CSS Selectors
    • Universal Selectors
    • Type Selectors
    • Descendant Selectors
    • Child Selectors
    • Direct Sibling Selectors
    • Indirect Sibling Selectors
    • Attribute Selectors
    • Class Selectors
    • ID Selectors
    • Link Selectors
    • Language Selectors
    • Contains Selectors
    • Root Selectors
    • Empty Selectors
    • Negated Selectors
    • Child Selectors
    • Typed Child Selectors
    • Nth Child Selectors
    • Nth Last Child Selectors
    • Nth of Type Selectors
    • Nth Last of Type Selectors
    • Pseudo-element Selectors
  • A3. CSS Properties
    • background
    • background-attachment
    • background-clip
    • background-color
    • background-image
    • background-origin
    • background-position
    • background-repeat
    • background-size
    • border
    • border-bottom
    • border-bottom-color
    • border-bottom-left-radius
    • border-bottom-right-radius
    • border-bottom-style
    • border-bottom-width
    • border-clip
    • border-collapse
    • border-color
    • border-left
    • border-left-color
    • border-left-style
    • border-left-width
    • border-radius
    • border-right
    • border-right-color
    • border-right-style
    • border-right-width
    • border-spacing
    • border-style
    • border-top
    • border-top-color
    • border-top-left-radius
    • border-top-right-radius
    • border-top-style
    • border-top-width
    • border-width
    • bottom
    • box-decoration-break
    • box-sizing
    • caption-side
    • clear
    • clip
    • clip-path
    • clip-rule
    • color
    • column-break-after
    • column-break-before
    • column-count
    • column-fill
    • column-gap
    • column-rule
    • column-rule-color
    • column-rule-style
    • column-rule-width
    • column-span
    • column-width
    • columns
    • content
    • counter-increment
    • counter-reset
    • direction
    • display
    • empty-cells
    • float
    • font
    • font-family
    • font-size
    • font-stretch
    • font-style
    • font-variant
    • font-weight
    • footnote-style-position
    • height
    • hyphens
    • left
    • letter-spacing
    • line-height
    • line-stacking-strategy
    • list-style
    • list-style-image
    • list-style-position
    • list-style-type
    • margin
    • margin-bottom
    • margin-inside
    • margin-left
    • margin-outside
    • margin-right
    • margin-top
    • marks
    • max-height
    • max-width
    • min-height
    • min-width
    • opacity
    • orphans
    • overflow
    • overflow-wrap
    • padding
    • padding-bottom
    • padding-left
    • padding-right
    • padding-top
    • page
    • page-break-after
    • page-break-before
    • page-break-inside
    • position
    • prince-background-image-resolution
    • prince-bleed
    • prince-bookmark-label
    • prince-bookmark-level
    • prince-bookmark-state
    • prince-bookmark-target
    • prince-caption-page
    • prince-flow
    • prince-footnote-policy
    • prince-forced-breaks
    • prince-hyphenate-after
    • prince-hyphenate-before
    • prince-hyphenate-lines
    • prince-hyphenate-patterns
    • prince-image-magic
    • prince-image-resolution
    • prince-linebreak-magic
    • prince-link
    • prince-mark-length
    • prince-mark-offset
    • prince-page-group
    • prince-pdf-destination
    • prince-pdf-link-type
    • prince-pdf-open-action
    • prince-pdf-output-intent
    • prince-pdf-page-label
    • prince-pdf-page-layout
    • prince-pdf-page-mode
    • prince-pdf-paper-tray
    • prince-pdf-print-scaling
    • prince-pdf-profile
    • prince-pdf-script
    • prince-rotate-body
    • prince-shrink-to-fit
    • prince-text-justify
    • prince-text-replace
    • prince-trim
    • prince-wrap-inside
    • right
    • size
    • string-set
    • table-baseline
    • table-column-span
    • table-layout
    • table-row-span
    • text-align
    • text-align-last
    • text-decoration
    • text-indent
    • text-line-through
    • text-line-through-color
    • text-line-through-style
    • text-overflow
    • text-overline
    • text-overline-color
    • text-overline-style
    • text-transform
    • text-underline
    • text-underline-color
    • text-underline-style
    • top
    • transform
    • transform-origin
    • unicode-bidi
    • vertical-align
    • visibility
    • white-space
    • widows
    • width
    • word-break
    • word-spacing
    • writing-mode
    • z-index
  • A4. Appendix
    • Unsupported features in CSS 2.1
    • Page Size Keywords
    • Character Entities
      • Accented Letters
      • Symbols
      • Quotes
      • Accents
      • Miscellaneous
  • A5. Acknowledgements

If Something Didn't Work

We work hard to make Prince work on multiple platforms (Windows, Linux, etc) and with multiple configurations. However things don't always work correctly the first time. You're very welcome to contact us for support or visit our forum. However if your facing a common problem you may be able to find an explanation and solution below.

Missing fonts

Symptom
internal error: no fallback glyph for character U+00XXi
Explanation

Prince, or one of its libraries, may not be able to find the requested font. This can occur on Linux systems that do not have the msttcorefonts package installed.

Solution 1

Install the msttcorefonts package (see your operating system's documentation).

Solution 2

Redefine the CSS generic font families to use different TrueType fonts by editing the fonts.css file in the Prince installation. See Fonts for more information about redefining the CSS generic font families.

Explanation

This problem may be a symptom of the Fontconfig.

Fontconfig

Symptom
Fontconfig error: Cannot load default config file
Explanation

Prince uses the Fontconfig library on Linux systems to search for fonts. Fontconfig is installed as a standard component on most desktop Linux distributions such as Ubuntu and recent versions of Red Hat Linux.

Some older Linux distributions do not come with fontconfig and this may cause the above error. This error will usually be followed by errors relating to Missing fonts that cannot be found due to the absence of Fontconfig.

Solution 1

install Fontconfig (see your operating system's documentation).

Solution 2

Redefine the CSS generic font families to use TrueType fonts that are specified directly by their filenames, avoiding the need to use Fontconfig at all. See Fonts for more information about redefining the CSS generic font families.

Image formats

Symptom
prince: ./picture.bmp: warning: Unknown image format
Explanation

Prince supports JPEG, PNG, TIFF and GIF images. If you try to format a document that includes images in a format that is not supported by Prince, such as BMP, you may see the above error message from Prince.

Solution

The solution is to convert the image file into a format that is supported by Prince. We suggest PNG, which is a well-supported general purpose image format with lossless compression.

Shared library trouble

Symptom (Linux)`
/usr/local/stow/prince-9/lib/prince/bin/prince: error while loading shared libraries: libtiff.so.4: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Symptom (FreeBSD)
Shared object "libxml2.so.2" not found, required by "prince"
Explanation

Prince uses some third-party shared libraries, these are used for things such as decoding TIFF, PNG or JPEG files and finding and loading fonts. If one or more of these shared libraries cannot be found on your system then Prince will not run. This can occur if Prince was installed from a tarball (FreeBSD, Solaris and Generic Linux).

Solution 1

Install the missing library software. Acknowledgements provides a list of the libraries that Prince uses. It is recommended to install them through your operating system's package management tool, see your operating system's documentation for more information.

Solution 2

If you're installing from a tarball, choose a tarball with a statically linked version of Prince (one with static in its name). We do not recommend this as you may not receive timely security updates for the third party software that is compiled directly into Prince.

PATH issues

Symptom
-bash: prince: command not found
Explanation

The command interpreter (bash) does not know how to find the prince executable. It was not found in any of the locations specified by the PATH environment variable.

Solution

Add Prince's bin/ subdirectory to your PATH and ensure that these changes are saved for future shell sessions. If Prince is installed in /opt/prince10, then add /opt/prince10/bin to PATH. There are many different types of command interpreters (also called shells) and we cannot possibly document all of them. The appropriate command for borne-style shells (the most common type) is usually:

export PATH=/opt/prince10/bin:$PATH

This should be added to your command interpreter's configuration. For more information see your operating system's documentation.

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